This Article Abstract Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Rose, M. A. Articles by Doherty, A. Search for Related Content Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Journey to the Motherland: Assessing Capacity for the Prevention of HIV Mother-to-Child Transmission in South Africa

Jefferson School of Nursing in Philadelphia

Mary G. Schaal, EdD, RN

Jefferson School of Nursing

Ann Doherty, PhD, RN, JD

Strategies to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV have successfully affected pediatric HIV infections in many developed countries, but not as dramatically in developing countries. This article presents the findings and perspectives of a team of public health nurses who visited and assessed capacity of selected antenatal clinics across South Africa to successfully implement and evaluate HIV prevention of maternal-to-child transmission programs conducted for a private nongovernmental organization. Through development and implementation of a needs-assessment tool, the clinics were systematically assessed by observation and interviews. Consistently, three additional areas of concern, other than HIV, were reported by the people interviewed. These concerns were hunger, poverty, and the need for home-based care.

Key Words: mother-to-child transmission • HIV • Africa • poverty • capacity building

References

• Ayala, G., Chion, M., Diaz, R.M., Heckert, A.L., Nuno, M., del Pino, H. E., et al. (2007, January). Action mutual (SharedAction): A multipronged approach to delivering capacity-building assistance to agencies serving Latino communities in the United States. Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 13(Suppl.), S33-S39.
• Brown, L., LaFond, A., & Macintyre, K. (2001). Measuring capacity building. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center, MEASURE Evaluation.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ( 2001). Public health's infrastructure: A status report to the U.S. Senate Appropriations Committee. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
• Centre for AIDS Development, Research, and Evaluation. (2002). Integrated community-based homecare (ICHC) in South Africa: A review of the model implemented by the Hospice Association of South Africa. Johannesburg, South Africa: Author.
• Chopra, M., Doherty, T., Jackson, D., & Ashworth, A. (2005). Preventing HIV transmission to children: Quality of counseling of mothers in South Africa. Acta Paediatrica, 94, 357-363.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Collins, C., Phields, M.E., & Duncan, T. (2007, January). An agency capacity model to facilitate implementation of evidence-based behavioral interventions by community-based organizations. Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 13(Suppl.), S16-S23.
• Coutsoudis, A. (2000). Influence of infant feeding patterns on early mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Durban, South Africa. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 918(1), 136-144.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• de Waal, A., & Whiteside, A. (2003). New variant famine: AIDS and food crisis in southern Africa. Lancet, 362, 1234-1237.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Department of Health. (2005). National HIV and syphilis antenatal seroprevalence survey in South Africa: 2002-2005. Pretoria, South Africa: Department of Health.
• Doherty, T.M., McCoy, D., & Donahue, S. (2005). Health system constraints to optimal coverage of the prevention of maternal-to-child HIV transmission programmes in South Africa: Lessons from the implementation of the national pilot programme. African Health Science, 5(3), 213-218.
• Dorrington, R.E., Bradshaw, D., Johnson, L., & Daniel, T. (2006). The demographic impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa: National and provincial indicators for 2006. Cape Town, South Africa: Centre for Actuarial Research, Burden of Disease Research Unit (Medical Research Council ), and Actuarial Society of South Africa.
• Eshleman, S.H., Hoover, D.R., Hudelson, S.E., Chen, S., Fiscus, S.A., Piwowar-Manning, E., et al. (2006). Development of nevirapine resistance in infants is reduced by use of infant-only single-dose nevirapine plus zidovudine postexposure prophylaxis for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. Journal of Infectious Disease, 193, 479-481.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Guay, L.A., Musoke, P., Fleming, T., Bagenda, D., Allen, M., Nakabilto, C., et al. (1999). Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: HIVNET 012 randomized trial. Lancet, 354, 795-802.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Human Sciences Research Council. (2004). Food security in South Africa: Key policy issues for the medium term. Pretoria, South Africa: Human Sciences Research Council.
• Iliff, P.J., Piwoz, E.G., Tavengwa, N.V., Zunguza, C.D., Marinda, E.T., Lunney, K., et al. (2005). Early exclusive breastfeeding reduces the risk of postnatal HIV-1 transmission and increases HIV-free survival. AIDS, 19, 699-708.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Martinson, N.A., Morris, L., Gray, G., Moodley, D., Pillay, V., Cohen, S., et al. (2006). Selection and persistence of viral resistance in HIV-infected children after exposure to single-dose nevirapine. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 44, 148-153.
• McIntyre, J. (2005). Preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV: Successes and challenges. BJOG International Journal of Obstetrics and Gyaenecology, 112, 1196-1203.[CrossRef]
• Mofenson, L.M. (2004). Successes and challenges in the perinatal HIV-1 epidemic in the United States as illustrated by the HIV-1 serosurvey of childbearing women. Archives of Pediatric Adolescent Medicine, 158, 422-425.[Free Full Text]
• Newell, M., Coovadia, H., Cortina-Boria, M., Rollins, N., Gaillard, P., & Dabis, F. (2004). Mortality of infected and uninfected infants born to HIV-infected mothers in Africa: A pooled analysis. Lancet, 364, 1236-1243.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Nu'Man, J., King, W., Bhalakia, A., & Criss, S. (2007, January). A framework for building organizational capacity integrating planning, monitoring, and evaluation. Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 13(Suppl.), S24—S32.
• Parker, W., Colvin, M., & Birdsall, K. (2006). Live the future: HIV and AIDS scenarios for South Africa 2005-2025: An overview of factors underlying future trends. Johannesburg, South Africa: Centre for AIDS Development, Research, and Evaluation.
• Pierce, S.J., Miller, R.L., Morales, M.M., & Forney, J. (2007, January). Identifying HIV prevention service needs of African American men who have sex with men: An application of spatial analysis techniques to service planning. Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 13(Suppl.), S72—S79.
• Richter, D.L., Dauner, K.N., Lindley, L.L., Reininger, B.M., Oglesby, W.H., Prince, M.S., et al. (2007, January). Evaluation results of the CDC/ASPH Institute for HIV prevention leadership: A capacity-building educational program for HIV prevention program managers. Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 13(Suppl.), S64-S71.
• Sheth, L., Operario, D., Latham, N., & Sheroan, B. (2007, January). National-level capacity-building assistance model to enhance HIV prevention for Asian and Pacific Islander communities. Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 13(Suppl.), S40-S48.
• Shisana, O., Rehle, T., Simbayi, L.C., Parker, W., Zuma, K., Bhana, A., et al. (2005). South African national HIV prevalence, HIV incidence, behavior and communications survey. Cape Town, South Africa: HSRC.
• Takahashi, L.M., Candelario, J., Young, T., & Mediano, E. (2007, January). Building capacity for HIV/AIDS prevention among Asian Pacific Islander organizations: The experience of a culturally appropriate capacity-building program in Southern California. Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 13(Suppl.), S55-S63.
• Taveras, S., Duncan, T., Gentry, D., Gilliam, A., Kimbrough, I., & Minaya, J. (2007, January). The evolution of the CDC HIV prevention capacity-building assistance initiative. Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 13(Suppl.), S8-S15.
• Thurman, P.J., Vernon, I.S., & Plested, B. (2007, January). Advancing HIV/AIDS prevention among American Indians through capacity building and the community readiness model. Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 13(Suppl.), S49-S54.
• Uys, L.R. (2002). The practice of community caregivers in a home-based HIV/AIDS project in South Africa. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 11, 99-108.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Uys, L.R. (2003). Aspects of the care of people with HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Public Health Nursing, 20, 271-280.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
• Welty, T.K., Bulterys, M., Welty, E.R., Tih, P.M., Ndikintum, G., Nkuoh, G., et al. (2005). Integrating prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission into routine antenatal care: The key to program expansion in Cameroon. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, 40, 486-493.[CrossRef]
• World Health Organization. (2004a). AIDS epidemic update 2004. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
• World Health Organization. (2004b). Antiretroviral drugs for treating pregnant women and preventing HIV infection in infants. Guidelines on care, treatment, and support for women living with HIV/AIDS and their children in resource-constrained settings. Geneva, Switzerland: Author.

Home Health Care Management & Practice, Vol. 20, No. 1, 50-57 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1084822307305382


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This Article Abstract Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Rose, M. A. Articles by Doherty, A. Search for Related Content Social Bookmarking                         What's this?